{"id":35113,"date":"2026-11-12T10:26:39","date_gmt":"2026-11-12T15:26:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/?p=35113"},"modified":"2026-11-12T11:24:40","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T16:24:40","slug":"nueva-ventana-al-cerebro-llega-el-primer-atlas-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/bacterias\/salud-bacterias\/nueva-ventana-al-cerebro-llega-el-primer-atlas-3d\/","title":{"rendered":"Nueva ventana al cerebro: llega el primer atlas 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Redacci\u00f3n Ciencia, (EFE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La neurociencia atesora desde hoy otro gran hito: el primer atlas celular en tres dimensiones de los ganglios basales humanos, una regi\u00f3n profunda del cerebro que controla el movimiento, el comportamiento o las emociones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La haza\u00f1a es el \u00faltimo logro de la Red del Atlas Cerebral de BRAIN (del ingl\u00e9s Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies), el gran proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n del cerebro que impuls\u00f3 en 2014 el entonces presidente de Estados Unidos, Barack Obama. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Los hallazgos que est\u00e1 produciendo BRAIN han hecho que sea comparado al equivalente cerebral del Proyecto Genoma Humano, que ha revolucionado la gen\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este jueves, 28 art\u00edculos cient\u00edficos recogidos en las revistas del grupo editorial Cell, recogen los \u00faltimos avances: un esfuerzo colaborativo a gran escala en el que han participado docenas de laboratorios y cientos de cient\u00edficos de 9 pa\u00edses y m\u00e1s de 50 instituciones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ‘joya de la corona’ de los hallazgos hechos p\u00fablicos es un atlas en 3D de los ganglios basales humanos con detalles gen\u00e9ticos y epigen\u00e9ticos a nivel de c\u00e9lula individual. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"ABOGADOS<\/a>
ABOGADOS DE ACCIDENTES<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Estos ganglios son un grupo de estructuras interconectadas situadas en lo m\u00e1s profundo del cerebro. Su mal funcionamiento contribuye a muchos trastornos neurol\u00f3gicos y psiqui\u00e1tricos, como el p\u00e1rkinson, el alzh\u00e9imer, la enfermedad de Huntington, la adicci\u00f3n, el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, el trastorno bipolar o la esquizofrenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El ‘Google Maps’ de los ganglios basales<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El mapeo logrado posee una resoluci\u00f3n sin precedentes y viene a ser, seg\u00fan los autores, una suerte de ‘Google Maps’ de los ganglios basales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y es que, al igual que Google Maps permite alternar entre las vistas de calle, sat\u00e9lite y relieve, la transcript\u00f3mica espacial de los ganglios basales humanos muestran d\u00f3nde se encuentra cada c\u00e9lula de esa regi\u00f3n y c\u00f3mo funciona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dicho de otro modo: detalla cu\u00e1l de los varios cientos de genes que controla cada c\u00e9lula se est\u00e1 utilizando. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“El atlas ofrece una nueva ventana al cerebro a trav\u00e9s de la cual los cient\u00edficos podr\u00e1n identificar y localizar con precisi\u00f3n cada c\u00e9lula de los ganglios basales humanos”, subraya una de las autoras, Margarita Behrens, investigadora en el Instituto Salk de La Jolla, California, EE. UU., en un comunicado del centro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como explican los cient\u00edficos, contar con una exhaustiva base de datos de las c\u00e9lulas que componen estos ganglios y de sus funciones permitir\u00e1 interpretar las localizaciones de riesgo gen\u00e9tico de las enfermedades que se originan ah\u00ed, as\u00ed como para impulsar diagn\u00f3sticos y tratamientos m\u00e1s eficaces para ellas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los futuros modelos de inteligencia artificial, de hecho, podr\u00edan utilizar este atlas para predecir las alteraciones que las variantes gen\u00e9ticas asociadas a esas enfermedades puedan inducir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El trabajo se ha hecho a trav\u00e9s de tejidos de donantes humanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Otros hallazgos clave<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Entre los resultados adicionales de los estudios conocidos hoy, est\u00e1 el descubrimiento de un tipo de neurona que expresa el receptor de serotonina HTR7 y que conlleva un riesgo elevado de esquizofrenia o trastorno bipolar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En otro art\u00edculo, los cient\u00edficos describen una nueva versi\u00f3n m\u00e1s eficaz (y menos invasiva) de una terapia g\u00e9nica ya existente para reducir los temblores caracter\u00edsticos de la enfermedad de Parkinson, aunque de momento solo se ha probado con animales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otro trabajo ha revelado cambios gen\u00e9ticos clave en tipos celulares espec\u00edficos de los ganglios basales que podr\u00edan desempe\u00f1ar un papel en el autismo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cient\u00edficos del Instituto estadounidense Broad cuentan en otro art\u00edculo los cambios generalizados y espec\u00edficos de cada tipo celular en la expresi\u00f3n g\u00e9nica asociada al envejecimiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mientras que un equipo de la Universidad de California en Los \u00c1ngeles ha cartografiado con resoluci\u00f3n molecular c\u00f3mo cambian las c\u00e9lulas de los ganglios basales y sus alrededores desde la mitad del embarazo hasta la primera infancia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El principio de muchos descubrimientos<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los investigadores indican que esta es la primera vez que se utiliza un sistema de referencia com\u00fan para clasificar y analizar la incre\u00edble complejidad del cerebro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Todos los datos y hallazgos conocidos hoy se compartir\u00e1n abiertamente con la comunidad cient\u00edfica mundial para impulsar m\u00e1s investigaciones y descubrimientos que permitan mejorar la comprensi\u00f3n y el tratamiento de las enfermedades cerebrales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

“A largo plazo, esperamos crear un atlas al que puedan recurrir personas de cualquier campo \u2014ya sea el c\u00e1ncer, el alzh\u00e9imer o los trastornos del desarrollo neurol\u00f3gico\u2014 para ver con qu\u00e9 c\u00e9lulas est\u00e1n trabajando y c\u00f3mo manipularlas para prevenir o tratar toda clase de trastornos y deterioro cognitivo”, afirma otro de los autores, Joseph Ecker, presidente del Consejo Internacional de Gen\u00e9tica del Instituto Salk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los resultados se han apoyado tambi\u00e9n en el estudio de otros mam\u00edferos con cerebros muy similares al humano en cuanto a estructura y gen\u00e9tica: los ratones, los macacos y los monos tit\u00edes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En total, los cient\u00edficos han mapeado 21 millones de c\u00e9lulas de cerebros de seres humanos, 3 millones de c\u00e9lulas de macacos rhesus y cynomolgus, 2,5 millones de ratones y 1,5 de tit\u00edes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Redacci\u00f3n Ciencia, (EFE). La neurociencia atesora desde hoy otro gran hito: el primer atlas celular en tres dimensiones de los ganglios basales humanos, una regi\u00f3n profunda del cerebro que controla el movimiento, el comportamiento o las emociones. La haza\u00f1a es el \u00faltimo logro de la Red del Atlas Cerebral de BRAIN (del ingl\u00e9s Brain Research […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":35114,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\n\n{excerpt}\n\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1854],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-salud-bacterias"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNueva ventana al cerebro: llega el primer atlas 3D - 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