{"id":27988,"date":"2025-08-07T14:08:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T18:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/?p=27988"},"modified":"2025-08-07T14:08:55","modified_gmt":"2025-08-07T18:08:55","slug":"cerebros-que-no-envejecen-el-enigma-de-los-superancianos-que-intriga-a-la-ciencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/salud\/cerebros-que-no-envejecen-el-enigma-de-los-superancianos-que-intriga-a-la-ciencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerebros que no envejecen, el enigma de los superancianos que intriga a la ciencia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Los ‘superancianos’, personas de m\u00e1s de 80 a\u00f1os con la \u2018cabeza\u2019 de alguien de 50, llevan un cuarto de siglo siendo estudiados por los cient\u00edficos en busca de la f\u00f3rmula de la mejor \u2018eterna juventud\u2019, la que ofrece poseer un cerebro sano.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Cerebro de un ‘superanciano’ donado en la Universidad Northwestern de Chicago, Illinois. Shane Collins, Universidad Northwestern<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de la universidad estadounidense de Northwestern (Chicago) lleva desde el a\u00f1o 2000 tratando de descifrar las claves de los cerebros indestructibles al tiempo de los ‘superancianos’, a trav\u00e9s del seguimiento a 290 participantes y de las autopsias de 77 cerebros donados.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Sus conclusiones aparecen recogidas este jueves en la revista cient\u00edfica Alzheimer s & Dementia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Personas \u00fanicas<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El t\u00e9rmino \u2018superanciano\u2019 fue creado por el investigador Marsel Mesulam, fundador del Centro Mesulam de Neurolog\u00eda Cognitiva y Enfermedad de Alzheimer en la Universidad de Northwestern a finales de los 90 del siglo pasado.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Su objetivo era que el estudio del perfil neurobiol\u00f3gico \u00fanico de estas personas ayudase a encontrar terapias tempranas para mantener el cerebro sano a una edad avanzada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para los investigadores, un \u2018superanciano\u2019 es una \u201cpersona con un rendimiento social y memor\u00edstico excepcional, comparable al de personas al menos tres d\u00e9cadas m\u00e1s j\u00f3venes, que desaf\u00eda la creencia de que el deterioro cognitivo es una parte inevitable del envejecimiento\u201d, resume una de las autoras, Sandra Weintraub, investigadora del \u00e1rea de psiquiatr\u00eda en Northwestern.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Veinticinco a\u00f1os de pruebas con los participantes han revelado que el rendimiento de la memoria de los superancianos es excepcional, obteniendo resultados en las pruebas de recuerdo de palabras o cosas similares a los de personas de entre 50 y 60 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al mismo tiempo, se ha visto que son personas tremendamente sociales. Las personas estudiadas ten\u00edan estilos de vida y practica de ejercicio f\u00edsico distintos pero todos ellos coinciden en algo: poseen relaciones interpersonales s\u00f3lidas.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Cerebros resistentes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La autopsia de los cerebros de 77 \u2018superancianos\u2019 habla tambi\u00e9n de estructuras cerebrales y rasgos celulares caracter\u00edsticos en estas personas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La doctora Weintraub subraya que su estructura cerebral es \u2018juvenil\u2019, ya que \u201ca diferencia de los cerebros que envejecen normalmente, los ‘superancianos’ no muestran un adelgazamiento significativo de la corteza, la capa externa del cerebro\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Esta regi\u00f3n crucial del cerebro desempe\u00f1a un papel importante en la integraci\u00f3n de la informaci\u00f3n relacionada con la toma de decisiones, las emociones y la motivaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comparados con los cerebros de otras personas de su edad, los ‘superancianos’ tambi\u00e9n tienen m\u00e1s neuronas de von Economo de lo normal, que son c\u00e9lulas especializadas relacionadas con la cognici\u00f3n social, la empat\u00eda y la toma de decisiones; y neuronas entorrinales m\u00e1s grandes, que son fundamentales para la memoria.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Screenshot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Algunos de los 77 cerebros estudiados conten\u00edan prote\u00ednas amiloides y tau (tambi\u00e9n conocidas como placas y ovillos), que se sabe que desempe\u00f1an un papel clave en la progresi\u00f3n de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, pero otros no desarrollaron ninguna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEsto indica que poseen cerebros extremadamente resistentes al deterioro cognitivo, porque o bien no producen ni placas ni ovillos amiloides y tau, o bien si los crean no afectan a su cerebro”, indica Weintraub en un comunicado de Northwestern.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Un miembro del laboratorio de la Universidad Northwestern examina un portaobjetos de vidrio que contiene una l\u00e1mina fin\u00edsima del cerebro de un ‘superanciano’. Shane Collins, Universidad Northwestern<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Los investigadores seguir\u00e1n estudiando a los superancianos para avanzar en el conocimiento de los rasgos biol\u00f3gicos y conductuales que protegen el cerebro del envejecimiento, con el objetivo de retrasar y prevenir las enfermedades que causan deterioro cognitivo y demencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En esa l\u00ednea, los investigadores agradecen y animan las donaciones de cerebro a la ciencia para su estudio postmortem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Americanonewspaper <\/a>(EFE)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los ‘superancianos’, personas de m\u00e1s de 80 a\u00f1os con la \u2018cabeza\u2019 de alguien de 50, llevan un cuarto de siglo siendo estudiados por los cient\u00edficos en busca de la f\u00f3rmula de la mejor \u2018eterna juventud\u2019, la que ofrece poseer un cerebro sano. Un equipo de cient\u00edficos de la universidad estadounidense de Northwestern (Chicago) lleva desde […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":27989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[592,793,1130],"tags":[1131],"class_list":{"0":"post-27988","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-salud","8":"category-salud-mental","9":"category-superancianos","10":"tag-superancianos-salud-ciencia-demografia"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCerebros que no envejecen, el enigma de los superancianos que intriga a la ciencia - 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