{"id":22782,"date":"2024-07-18T07:36:23","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T11:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/?p=22782"},"modified":"2024-07-18T07:36:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T11:36:26","slug":"nelson-mandela-apartheid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/international\/nelson-mandela-apartheid\/","title":{"rendered":"Nelson Mandela “Apartheid”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Johannesburgo, 18 jul (EFE).- <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nelson Mandela fue conocido por su valent\u00eda en la lucha contra el ‘apartheid’ y por ser el primer presidente negro de Sud\u00e1frica, sin embargo, hay aspectos de \u00e9l no tan populares, como que se le olvidaron las gafas cuando sali\u00f3 de la c\u00e1rcel o que se hizo pasar por ch\u00f3fer para esquivar a la Polic\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Saqu\u00e9 mi discurso y ech\u00e9 mano al bolsillo para buscar mis gafas. No estaban all\u00ed, me las hab\u00eda dejado en Victor Verster (c\u00e1rcel en Sud\u00e1frica)”, relata Mandela (1918-2013) en su autobiograf\u00eda ‘El largo camino hacia la libertad’, publicada en 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El abogado y activista, que lider\u00f3 la resistencia contra el ‘apartheid’, sistema racista que segregaba y discriminaba a la poblaci\u00f3n negra y privilegiaba a la minor\u00eda blanca, es de sobra conocido por ser un s\u00edmbolo internacional de la lucha por los derechos humanos que le vali\u00f3 el Premio Nobel de la Paz (1993) y por convertirse en 1994 en el primer presidente negro del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero a\u00fan as\u00ed, hay ciertos aspectos de \u00e9l menos conocidos que este jueves, D\u00eda Internacional de Nelson Mandela, en conmemoraci\u00f3n por el d\u00eda en que naci\u00f3, conviene recordar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 No se llamaba Nelson<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 “Adem\u00e1s de la vida, una constituci\u00f3n fuerte y una vieja vinculaci\u00f3n con la casa real de Thembu, lo \u00fanico que mi padre me dio al nacer fue un nombre, Rolihlahla”, escribi\u00f3 Mandela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo cierto es que no naci\u00f3 llam\u00e1ndose Nelson, el nombre se lo puso su profesora el primer d\u00eda de colegio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 “La profesora nos puso a cada uno un nombre en ingl\u00e9s, y nos dijo que a partir de ese momento responder\u00edamos a \u00e9l. Era una costumbre habitual entre los africanos en aquellos tiempos y, sin duda, se deb\u00eda a la influencia brit\u00e1nica”, explica en su obra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan Mandela, los blancos eran incapaces de pronunciar los nombres africanos o se negaban a hacerlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Disfrazado de ch\u00f3fer y sin afeitar<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 En 1961, debido a la represi\u00f3n gubernamental y la resistencia contra el ‘apartheid’ (1948-1994), tuvo que adaptarse a vivir en la clandestinidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una de las pintorescas t\u00e1cticas que escogi\u00f3 para evadir a la polic\u00eda y seguir con su activismo fue disfrazarse de ch\u00f3fer, cocinero o jardinero para evitar ser capturado, adem\u00e1s de no afeitarse ni cortarse el pelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Ten\u00eda un coche y usaba una gorra de ch\u00f3fer y un guardapolvo. Aquel papel resultaba muy conveniente, ya que me permit\u00eda viajar con el pretexto de conducir el veh\u00edculo de mi amo”, cuenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As\u00ed, Mandela pudo asistir a reuniones clandestinas hasta que en agosto de 1962, ataviado de aquel disfraz de ch\u00f3fer, fue arrestado y condenado dos a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s a cadena perpetua en el famoso juicio de Rivonia de 1964.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Admiraci\u00f3n mutua con Fidel Castro<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 Nelson Mandela admiraba no s\u00f3lo a Cuba y “sus gentes”, sino tambi\u00e9n al l\u00edder revolucionario cubano Fidel Castro, que derroc\u00f3 al dictador Fulgencio Batista en 1959, en un momento en el que Mandela desempe\u00f1aba un papel central en el activismo sudafricano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 El abogado, que devor\u00f3 los libros de Castro para aprender sobre t\u00e1cticas guerrilleras, expres\u00f3 en numerosas ocasiones su agradecimiento al Gobierno de Cuba por el apoyo que brind\u00f3 al hist\u00f3rico Congreso Nacional Africano (CNA), que Mandela lider\u00f3 y se alz\u00f3 con el poder en 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A pesar de la admiraci\u00f3n mutua que ambos se profesaban, y debido a que el nobel estuvo encarcelado durante 27 a\u00f1os (1963-1990), se conocieron por primera vez en 1991 durante una visita del l\u00edder sudafricano a Cuba despu\u00e9s de ser liberado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Castro no hab\u00eda esperado: hab\u00eda actuado y hab\u00eda triunfado”, escribi\u00f3 Mandela en sus memorias, en referencia al debate que se abri\u00f3 en el CNA sobre si recurrir a la violencia y a la lucha armada, posici\u00f3n que defendi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primera noche en libertad<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 Mandela quer\u00eda pasar su primera noche en libertad en Cape Flats, una zona habitada por comunidades segregadas en Ciudad del Cabo, con el fin de mostrar su solidaridad con el pueblo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero sus compa\u00f1eros de partido y su mujer de entonces, Winnie Mandela, le recomendaron que, por razones de seguridad, deb\u00eda quedarse en casa del arzobispo Desmond Tutu, un destacado l\u00edder religioso sudafricano y defensor de los derechos humanos que gan\u00f3 el Premio Nobel de la Paz en 1984.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La salida de la c\u00e1rcel de Mandela provoc\u00f3 una oleada de celebraciones en las calles del pa\u00eds, por lo que tuvo que resguardarse en la casa de Tutu, que viv\u00eda en una lujosa residencia situada, seg\u00fan recuerda, “en un suburbio blanco, un \u00e1rea en la que no se me habr\u00eda permitido vivir antes de ir a la c\u00e1rcel”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Johannesburgo, 18 jul (EFE).- Nelson Mandela fue conocido por su valent\u00eda en la lucha contra el ‘apartheid’ y por ser el primer presidente negro de Sud\u00e1frica, sin embargo, hay aspectos de \u00e9l no tan populares, como que se le olvidaron las gafas cuando sali\u00f3 de la c\u00e1rcel o que se hizo pasar por ch\u00f3fer para […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":22783,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[202],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-international"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNelson Mandela "Apartheid" - Americano Newspaper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nelson Mandela fue conocido por su valent\u00eda en la lucha contra el 'apartheid' y por ser el primer presidente negro de Sud\u00e1frica, sin 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