{"id":21540,"date":"2024-02-28T22:04:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T03:04:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/?p=21540"},"modified":"2024-02-28T22:04:27","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T03:04:27","slug":"por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/nature\/naturaleza\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Redacci\u00f3n Ciencia, 28 feb (EFE).- <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un cambio gen\u00e9tico en los antiguos antepasados podr\u00eda explicar en parte por qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos, seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio dirigido por investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina Grossman de la Universidad de Nueva York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El trabajo se publica en la portada de Nature y explica las bases gen\u00e9ticas de la p\u00e9rdida de la cola durante la evoluci\u00f3n de los humanos y los simios (hominoideos).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A diferencia de otras especies de primates, los hominoideos -incluidos los humanos, chimpanc\u00e9s, gorilas, orangutanes y gibones- no tienen cola. Esta p\u00e9rdida es uno de los cambios corporales m\u00e1s notables que se han producido a lo largo del linaje evolutivo que dio lugar a los humanos y otros simios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, recuerda la revista, a\u00fan se desconoce el mecanismo gen\u00e9tico que facilit\u00f3 la evoluci\u00f3n de esta p\u00e9rdida en los hominoideos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para tratar de aclararlo, los investigadores compararon el ADN de simios sin cola y humanos con el de monos con cola, y analizaron 140 genes relacionados con el desarrollo de esta parte del cuerpo de los vertebrados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los autores del estudio partieron de la hip\u00f3tesis de que la p\u00e9rdida de la cola se produc\u00eda por cambios en el c\u00f3digo del ADN (mutaciones) de uno o m\u00e1s de ellos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tras el an\u00e1lisis, el equipo identific\u00f3 el gen TBXT, asociado al desarrollo de la cola, y plante\u00f3 que la inserci\u00f3n de un fragmento de ADN conocido como elemento Alu podr\u00eda haber contribuido a la p\u00e9rdida de la cola en el antepasado hominoideo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para probar su teor\u00eda, los investigadores generaron modelos de rat\u00f3n que expresaban distintas formas del gen Tbxt, y descubrieron una variedad de efectos en la cola, incluidos algunos ratones nacidos sin ella.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nuestro estudio empieza a explicar c\u00f3mo la evoluci\u00f3n elimin\u00f3 nuestras colas, una cuesti\u00f3n que me ha intrigado desde que era joven”, resume Bo Xia, uno de los autores, en un comunicado de la Universidad de Nueva York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan los cient\u00edficos, se cree que la p\u00e9rdida de esta extremidad posterior del cuerpo en el grupo de primates que incluye a gorilas, chimpanc\u00e9s y humanos se produjo hace unos 25 millones de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tras esta escisi\u00f3n evolutiva, el grupo de simios que incluye a los humanos actuales evolucion\u00f3 hacia la formaci\u00f3n de menos v\u00e9rtebras en la cola, dando lugar al coxis o rabadilla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aunque la raz\u00f3n de la p\u00e9rdida de esta parte del cuerpo es incierta, algunos expertos proponen que estos cambios podr\u00edan haber surgido para facilitar la adaptaci\u00f3n a la vida en el suelo y no en los \u00e1rboles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los genes suelen influir en m\u00e1s de una funci\u00f3n del organismo, por lo que los cambios que suponen una ventaja en un lugar pueden ser perjudiciales en otro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En este sentido, el equipo de investigaci\u00f3n observ\u00f3 un peque\u00f1o repunte en los defectos del tubo neural (estructura clave que se forma en las primeras etapas del desarrollo embrionario) en ratones con la citada inserci\u00f3n en el gen TBXT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Futuros experimentos pondr\u00e1n a prueba la teor\u00eda de que, en un antiguo intercambio evolutivo, la p\u00e9rdida de la cola en los humanos contribuy\u00f3 a los defectos cong\u00e9nitos del tubo neural, como los relacionados con la b\u00edfida espinal, que hoy se observan en uno de cada mil neonatos humanos”, afirma Itai Yanai, otro de los firmantes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Redacci\u00f3n Ciencia, 28 feb (EFE).- Un cambio gen\u00e9tico en los antiguos antepasados podr\u00eda explicar en parte por qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos, seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio dirigido por investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina Grossman de la Universidad de Nueva York. El trabajo se publica en la portada de Nature y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21541,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[577],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21540","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-naturaleza"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos? - Americano Newspaper<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un cambio gen\u00e9tico en los antiguos antepasados podr\u00eda explicar en parte por qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos, seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio dirigido por investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina Grossman de la Universidad de Nueva York.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/nature\/naturaleza\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un cambio gen\u00e9tico en los antiguos antepasados podr\u00eda explicar en parte por qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos, seg\u00fan un nuevo estudio dirigido por investigadores de la Facultad de Medicina Grossman de la Universidad de Nueva York.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/nature\/naturaleza\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Americano Newspaper\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AmericanoNewspaper\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-29T03:04:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-29T03:04:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.americanonewspaper.com\/es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Monkeys.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"510\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"678\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Author\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Author\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Author\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8967f6b8af7e37bcbbe61f68580ff088\"},\"headline\":\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos?\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-29T03:04:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-29T03:04:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":605,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/Monkeys.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Naturaleza\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.americanonewspaper.com\\\/es\\\/nature\\\/naturaleza\\\/por-que-los-humanos-no-tienen-cola-como-los-monos\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 los humanos no tienen cola como los monos? 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